Essential+Questions

Essential Questions **Why did a united Italy make sense to those who favored unification?**

It made sense because they wanted change and a Democracy. All the nationalists wanted a united Italy, to be united is to have all states under one government and ruler. First they would drive the Austrians and French out, and gain control of the other states.


 * What were the obstacles in the way of Italian unification, and why might these obstacles make unification difficult? **

The three major obstacles in the way of the unification of Italy were that the Austrians were occupying Venice and Lombardy in the north.The papal states were in control of Central Italy, and the existence of the states that had remained unified were monarchists. That means that they had absolute control over their land. These obstacles would make the unification difficult because Italy was divided into so many different kingdoms, with different rulers, governments, and cultures.


 * What steps did the Italian leaders take to unify, or ignite nationalist feelings, in the people? **

Some of the leaders used bribery and recruitment to help unify, ignite nationalist feelings in the people. They even had small battles like when the "Red Shirt Volunteers" that were commanded by Giuseppe Garibaldi and invaded some places in Italy to free the areas from France or Austria. They held meetings, sometimes even made public Assemblies. Cavour Founded a Nationalist News paper in Italy which helped spread Nationalism, along with igniting people together in unification.


 * What military steps were taken in order to free Italian people from oppressive rule? **

The battle of magenta and the Battle of Solferino. The french had helped them in the battles, so once they gained their unity, to repay the french they gave them the provinces of nice and savoy. Also, A Group of Veteran Volunteers Commanded by Giuseppe Garibaldi took two ships and had a pretty fast battle, but a great victory, Then they crossed over to the mainland, Marching triumphantly up to Naples.


 * What nationalist groups were formed and created in order to strengthen the unification movement? **

The three great leaders of this movement were Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Camillo Cavour, and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Mazzini started a group called Young Italy in 1831. Young Italy was a nationalistic movement that wanted to end foreign control. Cavour was the Prime Minister of Sardinia, a large Italian State. He formed alliances with other foreign powers to help end Austria's control. Garibaldi was a military leader who led the Red Shirt army that took over most of southern Italy, before conquering the northern section. After foreign control was over, Italy chose Victor Emanuel of Sardinia as their King.

Italy was now united and had many different regions. And so many different nationalities. Also, many different languages. So there was no established culture through out Italy.
 * What challenges did a united Italy face when they finally were brought together as a nation-state? **